4. 引用式 （quotation）
引用名人名言，诗词佳句，俗语谚语，甚至对联等等等等来引出主题。当开头引用的话与论点没有明显关联时，需要加上内容过渡到文章的主题。
例： 俗话说“家和万事兴”，也就是说只要家庭幸福合睦，做什么事都会顺顺利利的。可见家庭幸福的重要性。当然，家庭的幸不幸福是和每个家庭成员息息相关的。只有父母爱护孩子，孩子孝顺父母，兄弟姐妹互相关心，这样才算是幸福的家庭。
5. 对比式 （contrast）
通过对比，可以直接体现是非曲直而进入主题。
例： 所有幸福的家庭都十分相似，父慈子孝，兄弟姐妹手足情深；而每个不幸的家庭各有各的不幸，或缺少关爱，或缺乏理解，或感情不合，如一盘散沙，支离破碎。所以，幸福家庭需要父母爱护孩子，孩子孝顺父母，兄弟姐妹互相关心，缺一不可。
写议论文有个“万能公式”，我们称为“三段论”。就是把文章分为三个部分：开头（提出论点），中间（将论点分为几个部分加以概括并运用论据进行阐述），结尾（总结，进一步深化论点）。
都说“良好的开头是成功的一半”，所以一篇作文写出一个好的开头是十分有必要的。
有学生很苦恼，不知道该怎么写议论文的开头。如果套用“三段论”，他们往往在开头用一句话就结束了。其实议论文的开头有很多种写法。
我们以“怎样才算是一个幸福的家庭”这个题目来探讨议论文开头的写法。
这个题目的意思就是让学生阐述构成幸福家庭的条件。有一个学生认为，幸福家庭的必备条件是“父母爱护孩子，孩子孝顺父母，兄弟姐妹之间互相关心”。那我们就利用这个观点来写。
本文先介绍比较常用的几种开头方式：
1. 开门见山式。come straight to the point
这种方式的特点是在开头就将文章的论点摆出来，直截了当，一看便知文章的主旨。
例：人从一出生开始首先面对的“小社会”便是家庭。家庭的幸福与否关系到一个人的幸福与否。当然，一个幸福的家庭是需要每个家庭成员来共同努力维护的。父母爱护孩子，孩子孝顺父母，兄弟姐妹之间互相关心，这样才算是一个幸福的家庭。
2. 设问句式。（rhetorical question）
就议论的问题提出疑问，在回答问题的过程中提出自己的观点。
例：家庭与每个人的成长和生活是密不可分的。家庭环境甚至可以影响一个人的人生。人人都希望生活在幸福的家庭中，那么什么样的家庭才算是幸福的呢？幸福的家庭是需要家庭成员之间互相关怀照顾的。父母爱护孩子，孩子孝顺父母，兄弟姐妹之间互相关心，这样的家庭才会幸福。
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Many students who study Chinese find the hardest part of learning Chinese to be writing the Chinese characters (Hanzi). Although currently China and Singapore are using the Simplified Chinese characters, there still exist many mind boggling Chinese characters that are comprised of many strokes.
Some candidates for the most complicated Chinese Character include:
The first two actually have 64 strokes each, and it would be hard to find a competitor that has more strokes than 64. (If any reader finds out, please inform me!) Incidentally, the first character is made up of four “Dragons”. The third character in the list has 52 strokes, which is not too bad.
However, all three have repetitions of a single word, and hence are not that complicated in the strictest sense of the word.
If we are looking at the most complicated (non-repetitive) Chinese word, I think the title belongs to Biang, which is used in the term Biangbiang noodles. I have eaten it once in a Chinese restaurant in Singapore, it is a bit like dry Ban Mian.
Biang has 58 strokes, and as one can see, is nothing but simple. Thank God this word is not commonly found in spelling tests!
O Level Chinese Syllabus: https://www.seab.gov.sg/content/syllabus/olevel/2015Syllabus/1162_2015.pdf
O Level Higher Chinese Syllabus: https://www.seab.gov.sg/content/syllabus/olevel/2015Syllabus/1111_2015.pdf
Here I will share some tips for Chinese Composition in Singapore. Hope it helps! 🙂
1) Dengue Fever, a disease caused by mosquitoes in Singapore, is called 骨痛热症. Students need to know this phrase as it is commonly tested in compositions, often in the form of “How to Prevent Dengue Fever”. （如何预防和控制骨痛热症?）
A true story is that when a teacher set 如何预防和控制骨痛热症? as the question, many students did not know the meaning of 骨痛热症 and hence interpreted it literally as “Bone Pain” and “Disease caused by Hot Weather”. Hence, their entire composition revolves around using massage to sooth bone pain, and installing fans and air-conditioners to deal with hot weather, which is totally out of point!
Students need to read more Chinese newspapers to increase their vocabulary, which will definitely help in their composition skills.
The next level after students can write a passing grade essay, is to add good phrases like Idioms, Proverbs (成语，俗语，谚语） into their composition. Students need to add them appropriately and sparingly, as markers would be very wary of students “spamming” good phrases, especially in the wrong context.
Adding good phrases in the correct context would have a very beneficial effect of impressing the marker, leading to higher marks in vocabulary section of the essay.
Read more about late Mr Lee Kuan Yew’s lifelong desire to master the Chinese language, and how he was a ‘gentle lion’ to his Chinese tutor.
Koh Hock Kiat, 54, is the former director of the Confucius Institute at the Nanyang Technological University
I still remember clearly the first Chinese lesson I conducted for Mr Lee Kuan Yew.
It was a rainy day in 2006. Even though I was well-prepared, I was slightly nervous as I stepped into the Istana to make my way to his office, where the lesson was to be held.
Mr Lee, after all, was Singapore’s founding father. Many viewed him as a stern man, not to be crossed, a “shi zi” (lion), as some would say in Chinese.
Chinese Tuition Singapore 